CDC Reports High Tobacco Use in Middle and High Schools

Tobacco use among American middle school and high school students showed a slow decline from 2000 to 2011, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  But when compared with other long-term studies, such as the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the steep rate of decline from 1997 to 2003 has slowed noticeably.  The report published on August 9, 2012 shows that in 2011 nearly 30 percent of high school males and 18 percent of high school females used some form of tobacco.  More than 8 percent of middle school males and nearly 6 percent of middle school females used some form of tobacco in 2011.


The report indicates that though tobacco use continued an 11-year downward trend, tobacco use remains high among high school students.  For example, among black high school students, cigar use increased significantly from 7.1 percent in 2009 to 11.7 percent in 2011.  In 2011, cigar use among high school males (15.7 percent) was comparable to cigarette use (17.7 percent).  Cigar use includes the use of cigarette-like cigars that can be packaged and smoked like typical cigarettes, but are taxed at a lower rate, making them more appealing and accessible to youth.  While they contain the same toxic chemicals as cigarettes, no cigars are subject to restrictions on flavorings and misleading descriptors such as “light” or “low tar,” according to the report.

Nearly 25 percent of high school males and more than 17 percent of high school females used some form of smoked tobacco product in 2011, while smokeless tobacco use among high school males (12.9 percent) was 8 times higher than among high school females (1.6 percent). 

“An overall decline in tobacco use is good news, but although 4 out of 5 teens don't smoke, far too many kids start to smoke every day,” said CDC Director Thomas R. Frieden, M.D., M.P.H.  “Most tobacco use begins and becomes established during adolescence.  This report is further evidence that we need to do more to prevent our nation’s youth from establishing a deadly addiction to tobacco.” 

The study, “Current Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students—United States, 2011,” published in this week’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report reported no significant declines in the use of any tobacco product among middle school students from 2009 to 2011.  However, cigarette use declined from 19.2 percent in 2009 to 15.8 percent among Hispanic high school students.


The report reaffirms the need to return youth tobacco use trends to the more rapid rate of decline seen from the late 1990s through 2003.  To further reduce tobacco use among young people, the 2012 Surgeon General’s Report recommends making tobacco products less affordable, running hard-hitting mass media campaigns, and evidence-based tobacco control and prevention programs that work in conjunction with new restrictions on the sale, distribution, and marketing of cigarettes and other tobacco products to youth.

Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the United States.  Cigarette use and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke kill an estimated 443,000 Americans each year.  The health consequences of tobacco use include heart disease, multiple types of cancer, lung disease, adverse reproductive effects, and the worsening of chronic health conditions.  Yet nearly 4,000 kids under age 18 try their first cigarette every day.  In addition to the cost in human lives, cigarette smoking has been estimated to cost $193 billion annually in direct health care expenses and lost productivity.

For an online version of this MMWR report, visit http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr.  For quitting assistance, call 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669) or visit www.smokefree.gov.  For more state-specific tobacco data, visit CDC's State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation System at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/statesystem.

Source:  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 

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